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Insulin expression and C-peptide in type 1 diabetes subjects implanted with stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells in an encapsulation device

https://www.cell.com/cell-reports-medicine/fulltext/S2666-3791(21)00338-4

Insulin expression and C-peptide in type 1 diabetes subjects implanted with stem cell-derived pancreatic endoderm cells in an encapsulation device
A.M. James Shapiro
David Thompson
Thomas W. Donner
Evert J. Kroon
Kevin A. D’Amour
Howard L. Foyt 9
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Open AccessPublished:December 02, 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100466

Initial data suggest that pluripotent stem cells, which can be propagated to the desired biomass and differentiated into pancreatic islet-like tissue, may offer a scalable, renewable alternative to pancreatic islet transplants.

Cure for Type 1 Diabetes? For One Man, It Seems to Have Worked: “A new treatment using stem cells that produce insulin has surprised experts and given them hope for the 1.5 million Americans living with the disease.”

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/11/27/health/diabetes-cure-stem-cells.html

Cure for Type 1 Diabetes? For One Man, It Seems to Have Worked.
A new treatment using stem cells that produce insulin has surprised experts and given them hope for the 1.5 million Americans living with the disease.

Brian Shelton may be the first person cured of Type 1 diabetes. “It’s a whole new life,” Mr. Shelton said. “It’s like a miracle.”Credit…Amber Ford for The New York Times
Gina Kolata
By Gina Kolata
Nov. 27, 2021

Mr. Shelton’s treatment, known as an early phase safety trial, called for careful follow-up and required starting with half the dose that would be used later in the trial, noted Dr. James Markmann, Mr. Shelton’s surgeon at Mass General who is working with Vertex on the trial. No one expected the cells to function so well, he said.

Depletion of the diabetic gut microbiota resistance enhances stem cells therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus: modulating gut microbiota may help to improve the effects of MSC transplantation for T1DM

https://www.thno.org/v10p6500.htm

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32483466?dopt=Abstract

TITLE:
Depletion of the diabetic gut microbiota resistance enhances stem cells therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

DESCRIPTION:
Related Articles

Depletion of the diabetic gut microbiota resistance enhances stem cells therapy in type 1 diabetes mellitus.

Theranostics. 2020;10(14):6500-6516

Authors: Lv W, Graves DT, He L, Shi Y, Deng X, Zhao Y, Dong X, Ren Y, Liu X, Xiao E, Zhang Y

Abstract

Microbiome, considered as the “second genome” of the host, is altered in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients to a state of dysbiosis. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation is a promising treatment for T1DM but is limited by several factors in the diabetic host. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that dysbiotic gut microbiota may limit MSC therapy, and modulating gut microbiota may help to improve the effects of MSC transplantation. Methods: NOD/Ltj mice, treated with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), were fed with an antibiotics cocktails (Abx) for 1 week. The blood glucose levels, insulitis, intestinal permeability and gut bacteria translocation to the pancreas were evaluated. 16s rRNA and colon tissue transcription sequencing were performed to analyze beneficial bacteria and reactive host biomolecules in the ADSCs+Abx group. Based on the sequencing results, specific bacteria were gavaged orally to diabetic mice to confirm their effect on ADSCs transplantation in T1DM was determined. Results: We found that the recolonized the diabetic gut microbiota abolished the therapeutic effect of ADSCs. On the contrary, depletion of the diabetic gut microbiota by antibiotics treatment in diabetic mice significantly enhanced the therapeutic effects of ADSCs as measured by reversal of hyperglycemia, insulitis, and increased insulin output. Mechanistically, treatment with antibiotics increased the abundance of Bifidobacterium in the gut and reduced bacterial translocation to the pancreas by promoting Mucin2 expression and thickening the mucus layer through TRPM7. The mechanism was confirmed the re-colonization of the gut by B.breve through oral gavage that produced similar results. Conclusions: These results provide the rationale for a new approach to improve MSC therapy for T1DM by altering the gut microbiota.

PMID: 32483466 [PubMed – in process]

PMID:
PubMed:32483466

DATE FOUND:
06/03/20 06:56AM

LINK / URL:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32483466?dopt=Abstract

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